Stefan Bosse, Armin Lechleiter, A hybrid approach for
Structural Monitoring with self-organizing multi-agent systems and
inverse numerical methods in material-embedded sensor networks, Mechatronics, (2016),
DOI:10.1016/j.mechatronics.2015.08.005. Paper PDFPaper OnlinePublisher
One of the major challenges in Structural Monitoring of mechanical structures is the derivation of meaningful information from sensor data. This work investigates a hybrid data processing approach for material-integrated Structural Health and Load Monitoring systems by using self-organizing mobile multi-agent systems (MAS), and inverse numerical methods providing the spatial resolved load information from a set of sensors embedded in the technical structure with low-resource agent processing platforms scalable to microchip level, enabling material-integrated real-time sensor systems. The MAS is deployed in a heterogeneous environment and offers event-based sensor preprocessing, distribution, and pre- computation. Inverse numerical approaches usually require a large amount of computational power and storage resources, not suitable for resource constrained sensor node implementations. Instead, the computation is partitioned into spatial off-line (outside the network) and on-line parts, with on-line sensor processing performed by the agent system. A unified multi-domain simulation framework is used to profile and validate the proposed approach.
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Stefan Bosse, Industrielle Agenten und Agenten-basiertes Lernen im technischen Kontext,
Industrie Management, 6/2016. Paper PDFManuscript PDFPublisher
Datenverarbeitungsprozesse werden immer komplexer hinsichtlich der Datenmenge, Datendimension, und dem Zusammenhang der abgeleiteten Informationen mit den Eingangsdaten. Dieses wird bei sensorischen Messprozessen besonders deutlich, wo Messunsicherheiten, Kalibrierungsfehler, und Unzuverlässigkeit von Sensoren signifikanten Einfluss auf die Informationsgewinnung haben. Gerade im technischen und industriellen Kontext stellt die zunehmende Komplexität und Verteilung der Datenverarbeitung ein zunehmendes Problem dar. Häufig stehen hinter der Informationsableitung mathematische Modelle und Funktionen, die aber nicht immer vollständig sind. Geht es um die Gewinnung von Zustandsaussagen eines Systems oder um Adaption, können Lernverfahren eine Alternative darstellen. Traditionell werden Messdaten zentral gesammelt und ausgewertet. Es soll aufgezeigt werden, wie verteiltes Maschinelles Lernen mit mobilen Agenten und selbst-organisierenden Systemen einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Datenverarbeitung in technischen und industriellen Systemen leisten kann, dieses sowohl hinsichtlich der Qualität der Aussagen von Schlussfolgerungen, der Effizienz, als auch der Robustheit. Dieser Beitrag soll einen Überblick der verschiedenen Teilbereiche Lernen, Agenten, und Architekturen geben.
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Stefan Bosse, Industrial Agents and Distributed Agent-based Learning, 3rd International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications . 15-30 Nov. 2016, MDPI, 2016,
DOI:10.3390/ecsa-3-S2004. Paper PDFPublisher
Today sensor data processing and information mining become more and more complex concerning the amount of sensor data to be processed, the data dimension, the data quality, and the relationship between derived information and input data. This is the case especially in large-scale sensing and measuring processes embedded in Cloud environments. Measuring uncertainties, calibration errors, and unreliability of sensors have a significant impact on the derivation quality of suitable information. In the technical and industrial context the raising complexity and distribution of data processing is a special issue. Commonly, information is derived from raw input data by using some kind of mathematical model and functions, but often being incomplete or unknown. If reasoning of statements is primarily desired, Machine Learning can be an alternative. Traditionally, sensor data is acquired and delivered to and processed by a central processing unit. In this paper, the deployment of distributed Machine Learning using mobile Agents forming self-organizing and self-adaptive systems (self-X) is discussed and posing the benefit for the enhancement of the sensor and data processing in technical and industrial systems. This also addresses the quality of the computed statements, e.g., an accurate prediction of run-time parameters like mechanical loads or health conditions, the efficiency, and the reliability in the presence of partial system failures.
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Dirk Lehmhus, Stefan Bosse, Self-adaptive Smart Materials: A new Agent-based Approach, 3rd International Electronic Conference on
Sensors and Applications . 15-30 Nov. 2016, MDPI, 2016,
DOI:10.3390/ecsa-3-S2005. Paper PDFPublisher
Load-bearing engineering structures typically have a static shape fixed during design based on expected usage and associated load cases. But neither can all possible loading situations be foreseen, nor could this large set of conditions be reflected in a practical design methodology— and even if either was possible, the result could only be the best compromise and thus deviate significantly from the optimum solution for any specific load case. In contrast, a structure that could change its local properties in service based on the identified loading situation could potentially raise additional weight saving potentials and thus support lightweight design, and in consequence, sustainability. Materials of this kind would necessarily exhibit a cellular architecture consisting of active cells with sensing and actuation capabilities. Suitable control mechanisms both in terms of algorithms and hardware units would form an integral part of these. A major issue in this context is correlated control of actuators and informational organization meeting real-time and and robustness requirements. In this respect, the present study discusses a two-stage approach combining mobile & reactive Multi-agent Systems (MAS) and Machine Learning. While MAS will negotiate property redistribution, machine learning shall recognise known load cases and suggest matching property fields directly.
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Stefan Bosse, Distributed Machine Learning with Self-organizing Mobile Agents for Earthquake Monitoring, IEEE 1st International Workshops on Foundations and Applications of Self Systems (FASW), SASO Conference, DSS Workshop, 12 September 2016, Augsburg, Germany, 2016, 2016,
DOI:10.1109/FAS-W.2016.38. Paper PDFPublisher
Ubiquitous computing and The Internet-of-Things (IoT) raises rapidly in today's life and is becoming part of self-organizing systems (SoS). A unified and scalable information processing and communication methodology using mobile agents is presented to merge the IoT with Mobile and Cloud environments seamless. A portable and scalable Agent Processing Platform (APP) is an enabling technology that is central for the deployment of Multi-agent Systems (MAS) in strong heterogeneous networks including the Internet. A large-scale distributed heterogeneous seismic sensor and geodetic network used for earthquake analysis is one example, which can be extended by ubiquitous sensing devices like smart phones. To simplify the development and deployment of MAS in the Internet domain agents are directly implemented in JavaScript (JS). The proposed JS Agent Machine (JAM) is an enabling technology. It is capable to execute AgentJS agents in a sandbox environment with full run-time protection, low-resource requirements, and Machine Learning as a service. A simulation of a seismic network and real earthquake data demonstrates the deployment of the JAM platform. Different (mobile) agents perform sensor sensing, aggregation, local learning and prediction, global voting, and the application.
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Stefan Bosse, Mobile Multi-Agent Systems for the Internet-of-Things and Clouds using the JavaScript Agent Machine Platform and Machine Learning as a Service, The IEEE 4th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud , 22-24 August 2016, Vienna, Austria, 2016, 2016,
DOI:10.1109/FiCloud.2016.43. Paper PDFPublisher
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) gets real in today's life and is becoming part of pervasive and ubiquitous computing networks offering distributed and transparent services. A unified and common data processing and communication methodology is required to merge the IoT, sensor networks, and Cloud-based environments seamless, which can be fulfilled by the mobile agent-based computing paradigm, discussed in this work. Currently, portability, resource constraints, security, and scalability of Agent Processing Platforms (APP) are essential issues for the deployment of Multi-agent Systems (MAS) in strong heterogeneous networks including the Internet, addressed in this work. To simplify the development and deployment of MAS it would be desirable to implement agents directly in JavaScript, which is a well known and public widespread used programming language, and JS VMs are available on all host platforms including WEB browsers. The novel proposed JS Agent Machine (JAM) is capable to execute AgentJS agents in a sandbox environment with full run-time protection and Machine learning as a service. Agents can migrate between different JAM nodes seamless preserving their data and control state by using a on-the-fly code-to-text transformation in an extended JSON+ format. A Distributed Organization System (DOS) layer provides JAM node connectivity and security in the Internet, completed by a Directory-Name Service offering an organizational graph structure. Agent authorization and platform security is ensured with capability-based access and different agent privilege levels.
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Stefan Bosse, Structural Monitoring with Distributed-Regional and Event-based NN-Decision Tree Learning using Mobile Multi-Agent Systems and common JavaScript platforms, Procedia Technology, 3rd International Conference on System-Integrated Intelligence: New Challenges for Product and Production Engineering, June 13th (Mon.) - 15th (Wed.) 2016: Paderborn, Germany, 2016,
DOI:10.1016/j.protcy.2016.08.063. Paper PDFPublisher
Among the Internet-of-Things, one major field of application deploying agent-based sensor and information processing is Structural Load and Structural Health Monitoring (SLM/SHM) of mechanical structures. This work investigates a data processing approach for material-integrated and mobile ubiquitous SHM and SLM systems by using self-organizing mobile multi-agent systems (MAS), executed on a highly portable JavaScript-based Agent Processing Platform (APP), and optimized Machine Learning (ML) methods providing load class recognition from a set of sensors embedded in the technical structure. Machine learning approaches usually require a large amount of computational power and storage resources and ML is commonly performed off-line, not suitable for resource constrained sensor network implementations. Instead, a novel distributed-regional on-line learning is applied, with on-line distributed sensor processing and learning performed by the agent system. The APP provides ML as a service, and the agent itself only collects training and analysis data passed to the APP, finally returning a learned model that is saved by the agent in a compact format (and is available on any other location). A case study shows that the learning algorithm is suitable (stable) for noisy and time varying sensor data. Spatial global learning is reduced and mapped on local region learning with global voting.
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Stefan Bosse, Armin Lechleiter, Dirk Lehmhus, Data evaluation in smart sensor networks using inverse methods and artificial intelligence (AI): Towards real-time capability and enhanced flexibility, Proc. of the CIMTEC, - 7th Forum on New Materials, Perugia, Italy, June 5 to 9, 2016, 5th International Conference Smart and Multifunctional Materials, Structures and Systems, 2016, 2016,
DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.101.55. Paper PDFPublisher
Data evaluation is crucial for gaining information from sensor networks. Main challenges include processing speed and adaptivity to system change, both prerequisites for SHM-based weight reduction via relaxed safety factors. Our study looks at soft real time solutions providing feedback within defined but flexible, application-controlled intervals. These can rely on minimizing computation/communication latencies e.g. by parallel computation. Strategies towards this aim can be model-based, including inverse FEM, or model-free, including machine learning, which in practice bases training on a defined system state, too, hence also facing challenges at state changes. We thus introduce hybrid data evaluation combining multi-agent based systems (MAS) with inverse FEM, mainly relying on matrix operations that can be partially distributed: The MAS perform sensor data acquisition, aggregation, pre-computation, and finally application (the LM/SHM itself and higher information processing and visualization layers, i.e., WEB interfaces). System capabilities are evaluated against a virtual test case, demonstrating enhanced stability and reliability. Besides, we analyze system performance under conditions of in-service change and discuss system layouts suited to improve coverage of this issue.
Interdisciplinary Science & Education Laboratory
